The Story of Village Palampur

THE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR

Competency Based Questions-Answers

MCQ (Assertion-Reasoning)

Question: Assertion (A) : The people of Palampur practice multi cropping to increase the crop production in the same piece of land

Reason (R) : Land area under cultivation is fixed and there has been no expansion in land area under cultivation since 1960.

Options:

A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
C) A is true, but R is false
D) A is false, but A is true

Question: Statement (A): In Palampur, the yield of wheat grown from the traditional varieties was 1300kg per hectare.

Statement (B): With HYV seeds, the yield went up to 3100kg per hectare. There was a large increase in the production of wheat.

Codes:

A) Both statement A and B are True
B) Both Statement A and B are false
C) Statement A is true and B is false
D) Statement A is false and B is true

Question: Assertion (A): India adopted HYV seeds to increase the agricultural production.

Reason (R): The government of India wanted to increase agricultural production for which HYV seeds were only required.

Options:

a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true

MCQ (Para-Based)

Question: Simran own's a cloth manufacturing industry. Every month she orders colours for dying and yarn to prepare cloth from Suresh with whom she signed a contract.

What is the working capital of Simran?

A) Colours for dying
B) Yarn to make cloth
C) Both A and B
D) Industry

Question: Raghu is a farmer living in the Village Palampur. He own's 5 hectares of land, 1 tractor, 1 threshing machine, which he brought last year. Only things which he has to purchase in every sowing period are seeds, fertilizers, pesticides etc.

The fixed capital of Raghu are:

A) Land, tractor and thrasher
B) Tractor and thrasher
C) Seeds, land, fertilizer, pesticides
D) Thrasher, pesticides, fertilizer, land

Question: Kishore a person lives in Rampur a small village in Aska in the state of Odisha. He own's 20 buffalos, 20 Cows, and 30 Goats. He feeds the animals on various kinds of grasses and sales the milk in the market, which is the only source of income of Kishore.

Which type of activity does Kishore involved?

A) Farming activity
B) Non-farming activity
C) Secondary activity
D) Teritiary activity

Question: Ganeshganj is a small village in Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh. People in the village mainly grow paddy and pulses. Some people are engaged in laying bricks, transporting goods, in toys making. Few people are doing the job of priest, barber, teacher. Recently a Grahak Seva Kendra opened by a youth provide online services at reasonable rate.

Identify any four people who are engaged in the service sector.

Answer: Priest, barber, teacher, computer shop owner, one who involve in transportation

Match the following:

A- Sale of surplus crops ..1-Nonfarming activities
B-Dairy, rice mill, shops ... 2-Big farmers
C-Land ... 3-Assets
D-Tractor, Machines .... 4-Natural resources
Answer: A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

Question: Which is the main production activity in the village? Mention one important change in way farming is practised? What is its side effect?

Answer:

Farming is the main production activity in the village.
Over the years there have been many important changes in the way farming is plasticized. These have allowed the farmers to produce more crops from the same amount of land. This is an important achievement, since land is fixed and scarce.
But it has its side effect. In raising production a great deal of pressure has been put on land and other natural resources, which is a matter of great concern.

Question: How was farming done till the mid-1960s?

Answer:

Till the mid-1960s, farmers used traditional method of farming.
The seeds that they used in cultivation were traditional ones with relatively low yields.
Traditional seeds needed less irrigation.
Farmers used cow-dung and other natural manure as fertilizers.
All these were readily available with the farmers who did not have to buy them.

Question: What are the items that come under physical capital?

Answer:

Tools, Machines, buildings: Tools and machines range from very simple tools such as a farmer’s plough to sophisticated machines such as generators, turbines, computers, etc.
Raw materials and money in hand: Production requires a variety of raw materials such as the yarn used by the weaver and the clay used by the potter.
Also, some money is always required during production to make payments and buy other necessary items.

Question: Describe any three source Of irrigation in Palampur?

Answer: The various sources of irrigation are as follows: i) well ,lakes (ii) Pumping sets /tube well (iii) canal, Dams

Question: How green revolution is associated with the loss of Soil fertility?

Answer: The green revolution is associated with the loss of soil fertility.

(i) the green revolution uses chemical fertilizers , pesticides, which reduce the natural fertility of soil.
(ii) The green revolution as such no doubt has increased the production of food grains but at the cost of the loss of soil fertility.
(iii) It has also resulted in the degradation of soil.

Question: State any tree advantages Of multiple cropping?

Answer: Following are the advantages of multiple cropping:

(i ) It increase the Production on same piece of land.
(ii) Farmer get more income by growing multiple crops.
(iii) More than one crop can be grown under multiple cropping Method during a year.

Question: Explain how traditional farming is different from modern farming.

Answer:Traditional farming is different from modern farming in the following ways:

Traditional farming we use organic manure to increase the production, in modern farming we use fertilizers and pesticides to increase the crop production.
Traditional farming mostly depend upon rainfall for water supply, tube wells and wells, whereas in modern farming we have well irrigation facilities that helps farmers to cultivate the crops throughout the year. Traditional farming is mostly labour oriented, whereas modern farming replaces the labour with machines.

Question: What do you mean by mixed farming? Does it includes both farming and non-farming activities?

Answer: Mixed faming is a type of farming which involves both cultivating of crops and rearing of animal. Yes, it includes both farming and non-farming activities. Farming includes cultivation of crops such as wheat, rice and plantation. Non-farming activities include cattle rearing, dairy farming, bee keeping etc.

Question: "To increase crop production we practice multi cropping, to increase income we engage in various activities". Justify the statement by giving two examples from your daily life experience and observation.

Answer: Yes, to increase the income people engage in more than one activity. As we see in the story of village palampur from the story of kishora who is a labourer and at the same time he also makes pots and sells the buffalos milk in the market. In my village Rama uncle and many other rear cattle’s and sale the milk products in the nearby town apart from agriculture to gain extra income. Many women’s work as agricultural labourers and also stitches dresses during off season.

Case based question.

Read the given extract and Answer the questions that follow:

Question: Kishora is farmer labourer .Like other such labourers, Kishora found it difficult to meet his family's needs from the wages that he received . A few 4 years back Kishora took a loan from the bank. This was under a government programme which was giving cheap loans to poor landless household . Kishora bought a buffalo with this money . He now sells the buffalo's milk . Further, he has attached a wooden cart to his buffalo and uses it to transport various items, once a week, he goes to the river Ganga to bring back clay for the Potter.

(i.) What is Kishore's fixed capital?
Answer: Kishore's fixed capital is buffalo.
(ii) What do you think would be his working capital?
Answer: His working capital would be buffalo's milk.
(iii)In how many Production activities is Kishore Involved?
Answer: kishore's is involved in Three production activities , primary activities (selling buffalo's milk), second activities (bring clay for Potter ) and tertiary activities (transporter)

Read the given extract and Answer the questions that follow:

Question: Kareem has opened a computer class center in the village.In recent years a large number of students have been attending college in Shahpur town. Kareem found that a number of students from the village are also attaching computer classes in the town. There were two women in the village who had a degree in computer applications . He decided to employ them. He bought computer and set up the classes in the front room of their house overlooking the market .High school students have started attending them in good numbers.

(i.)Where is open karem a computer class center?
Answer: Kareem has opened a computer class center in the village.
(ii) In what ways is Kareem's capital and labour different from Mishrilal?
Answer: Kareem's capital is invested in computer which is technologically advanced as compared to Mishrilal sugarcane crushing machine. Also Kareem hired educated and skilled person for teaching in his computer institute.
(iii) Why didn't someone start a computer center earlier? Discuss possible reasons.
Answer: Computer center are not started earlier due to lack of skilled labour in the village. Also the awareness of the village people about computer was less.

Read the given extract and Answer the questions that follow:

Question: Mishrilal has purchased a mechanical sugarcane crushing machine run on electricity and has set it up on his field. Sugarcane crushing was earlier done with the help of bullocks , but people prefer to do it by machines these days. Mishrilal also buys sugarcane from other farmers and process it into jaggery. The jaggery is then sold to traders at Shahpur. In the process. Mishrilal makes a small profit.

(i) Who provide the labour in this case?
Answer: In the case , landless farmers are used as labour for the jaggery manufacturing.
(ii) Could you think of any reasons when he might face a loss.
Answer: He might face a loss when sugarcane become expensive due to had crop. Also if he does not regular electricity supply , he will not be able to use machine for crushing purposes which might results in loss.
(iii) Why does Mishrilal sell his jaggery to traders in Shahpur and not int this village?
Answer: Mishrilal sells his jaggery to traders in Shahpur because of good pricing he can get from the traders . Otherwise also in villages, consumption is not much.

Question: Not all Villages in India have such high levels of irrigation. Apart from the riverine plains, coastal regions in our country are well-irrigated. In contrast, plateau regions such as the Deccan plateau have low levels of irrigation. Of the total cultivated area in the country a little less than 40 per cent is irrigated even today. In the remaining areas, farming is largely dependent on rainfall.

A)The Deccan plateau has low levels of irrigation. Give reason.
Answer: The Deccan plateau has low level of irrigation because the Deccan plateau is situated in the leeward side of the south-west monsoon. The Western ghats act as a barrier to the south-west monsoon as a result of which the western part of theWestern Ghats receives maximum rain and eastern part of Western Ghats remains dry due to lack of moisture in the air where the Deccan plateau is situated.
B) How electricity helped in the development of irrigation in palampur?
Answer: Earlier people of palampur used Persian wheels to draw water from the wells and tube wells to cultivate the crops. But after the introduction of electricity people saw that the electric run tubewells irrigate much larger area of land than earlier.

Question: Savita is a small farmer. She plans to cultivate wheat on her 1 hectare of land. Besides seeds, fertilizers and pesticides, she needs cash to buy water 4 and repair her farm instruments. She estimates that the working capital itself would cost a minimum of Rs 3,000. She doesn’t have the money, so she decides to borrow from Tejpal Singh, a large farmer. Tejpal Singh agrees to give Savita the loan at an interest rate of 24 per cent for four months, which is a very high interest rate. Savita also has to promise to work on his field as a farm labourer during the harvest season at Rs 35 per day. As you can tell, this wage is quite low. Savita knows that she will have to work very hard to complete harvesting on her own field, and then work as a farm labourer for Tejpal Singh. The harvest time is a very busy time. As a mother of three children she has a lot of household responsibilities. Savita agrees to these tough conditions as she knows getting a loan is difficult for a small farmer.

A) On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tejpal singh ? Would Savita’s condition be different if she could get loan from the bank at a lowrate of intrest?
Answer: Tejpal Singh charged high intrest rate also asked Savita to work on his field as a farm labourer during the harvest season at Rs 35 per day. This is very low wage. Yes.
B) How do small farmers arrange capital? How is it different from big and rich farmers?
Answer: Small farmers like Savita borrow money from the big farmers or moneylenders like Tejpal Singh who charges high interest rate, which they cant pay back easily. While the big farmers arrange the capital from their own Savings from farming and surplus production.

Question: Dala is a landless farm labourer who works on daily wages in Palampur. This means he must regularly look for work. The minimum wages for a farm labourer set by the government is Rs 300 (March, 2019) per day, but Dala gets only Rs 160. There is heavy competition for work among the farm labourers in Palampur, so people agree to work for lower wages. Dala complains about his situation to Ramkali, who is another farm labourer. Both Dala and Ramkali are among the poorest people in the village.

I.Why Dala must regularly look for work?
Answer: Dala is a landless labourer who works on daily wages.
II. What is the minimum wages of labours fixed by the government?
Answer: The minimum wages of labourers fixed by government is 300rupees per day.
III.Why there is wide variation in the duration of employment?
Answer: Agricultural is a seasonal activity, sowing and harvesting are the only peak times that need labourers.
IV. Apart from cash what are the other ways the laboure gets paid wages.
Answer: Apart from cash grains and meals are other forms of wages paid to the labourers.

Question: “Transport is a fast developing sector in Palampur”. Support the statement.

Answer:

There are a variety of vehicles on the road connecting Palampur to Raiganj. Rickshawallahs, tongawallahs, jeep, tractors, truck drivers and people driving the traditional bullock-cart and bogey are people in the transport service.
They ferry people and goods from one place to another, and in return get paid for it.
The number of people involved in transport has grown over the last several years.

Question: What problems do farm labourers face in terms of employment?

Answer:

Farm laborers come either from landless families or families cultivating small plots of land. They work on the fields of large farmers for livelihood. They do not have a right over the crops grown on the land.
Farm laborers usually work on daily wages which are lower than the minimum wages fixed by the government. There is heavy competition for work among them, so they agree to work for lower wages.
There is also a wide variation in the duration of employment. A farm labourer might be employed on a daily basis or one particular farm activity like harvesting, or for the whole year.
Large farmers are now increasingly using various farm machinery on their land. This has adversely affected the job opportunities of the farm labourers.

Question: What factors have led to the reduction of water level in Palampur?

Answer:

Electricity came early to Palampur. Its major impact was to transform the system of irrigation. People saw that the electric run tubewells could irrigate much larger areas of land more effectively. So, farmers began setting up tubewells for irrigation. This reduced the water table below the ground.
Area under irrigation increased continuously in Palampur which badly affected the water table.
With introduction of the Green Revolution in the late 1960s, farmers in Palampur started to use HYV seeds which needed plenty of water. This also had a major role in the reduction of water level in the village.

Question: Describe how Palampur is a well-developed village.

Answer:

(i) Palampur is a well-developed village, where farming is the main activity but several other activities such as small-scale manufacturing, dairy, transport, etc—are also carried out on a limited scale.
(ii) The village is well-connected with neighbouring villages and towns. Raiganj, a big village, is very close to Palampur. An all-weather road connects the village to Raiganj and further on to the nearest small town of Shahpur. Many kinds of transport are available on this road.
(iii) Palampur has about 450 families. So upper caste families own the majority of land in the village. Their houses are made of brick with cement plastering.
(iv) Most of the houses in the village have electric connections. Electricity powers all the tubewells in the fields and is used in various types of small business.
(v) Palampur has two primary health centre run by the government and one private dispensary where the sick are treated. Thus, Palampur has fairly well-developed system of roads, transport, electricity, irrigation, schools and health centre.

Question: What is the aim of production? What are the requirements for production of goods and services? Describe each of them.

Answer: The aim of production is to produce the goods and services that we want. There are four requirements for production of goods and services:

(i) Land: No production activity can take place without land. It is the basic requirement. Other natural resources such as water, forests, minerals are also equally important.
(ii) Labour: Labour means people who will do the work. Some production activities require highly educated workers to perform the necessary tasks. Other activities require workers who can do manual work. Each worker is providing the labour necessary for production.
(iii) Physical Capital: Physical capital means the variety of inputs required at every stage during production. Tools, machines, buildings can be used in production over many years and are called fixed capital. Raw material and money in hand are called working capital. Unlike tools, machines and buildings, these are used up in production.
(iv) Human Capital: It is the fourth but the most important requirement for production of goods and services. We need knowledge and enterprise to be able to put together land, labour and physical capital and produce an output either to use ourselves or to sell in the market.

Question: How do chemical fertilisers adversely affect the soil, groundwater, lakes and rivers? What were the effects of use of chemical fertilisers in the state of Punjab?

Answer:

(i) Chemical fertilizers provide minerals which dissolve in water and are immediately available to plants. But these may not be retained in the soil for long. They may escape from the soil and pollute groundwater, rivers and lakes.
(ii) Chemical fertilizers can also kill bacteria and other micro-organisms in the soil. This means some time after the use, the soil will be less fertile than ever before.
(iii) The consumption of chemical fertilizers in Punjab is highest in the country. The continuous use of chemical fertilizers has led to degradation of soil health.
(iv) In order to maintain the same production level, the farmers in Punjab use more and more chemical fertilizers and other inputs. This has not only lowered the quality of the crops but also the quality of the soil.

Question: What can be done so that more non- farm production activities can be started in village?

Answer: In India, farming is the main production activity in village. However, steps have been taken to encourage non-farming activities in the village. these include:

(i) Electricity supply needs to be made on regular basis . This will help in setting up small scale unit which use machine and tools for production.
(ii) settings up schools and colleges in the village. This will help in imparting education of the rural population to make them employable resources.
(iii) Settings up vocational courses in the field of electrician, plumber , carpenter, etc.
(iv) Imparting computer courses to the village people . This will help them in learning modern means of communication.
(v) Improving road and rail infrastructures across all districts of India. Read will help in carrying out production activity by transporting raw material and finished goods.

Question: What are the five requirements for production of goods and services ?

Answer: The five requirements are as below:

(i) Land: It includes land and others natural resources like water ,forest , mineral.
(ii) Labour: People who will do the work. Labour is both skills and unskilled. Skilled labour is required for technical tasks and unskilled labour is required for manual and non- technical work.
(iii) Physical capital: It includes tools , machine, buildings known as fixed capital.
(iv) Working capital: there is also requirement of raw material and money in hand which is known as working capital.
(v)Human capital: There is need of knowledge and enterprise to be able to put together land , labour and physical capital to produce output . This requirement is met by entrepreneur, promoters or idea generator who carry the production activity for self.

Question: What is the pattern of land under cultivation in village Palampur in different seasons of the year?

Answer: In Palampur, all land is cultivated in all seasons of the year.

(i.) Summer season: water melon, moong
(ii) Rainy season: Kharif farmers grow Jowar and Bajra.
(iii) October to December : Potato is cultivated .
(iv) Winter season: Wheat is cultivated.
(v)once every year: A part of the land is used for the production of sugarcane.

Question: “ Without Human capital, the presence of natural resources and physical capital are of no use”. Justify the statement with example.

Answer: The human capital is indirectly and directly related with natural resources and physical capital. For modification of any natural resources to needed or valuable things physical capital or labour is needed, and to inspire or increase labour, human capital or money is needed.

For example, we got the wheat as our natural resources and to modify it into a bread, industrial modification is needed which is operated by labour and machines made by humans by using their knowledge and skills. Hence, we can conclude that it is knowledge and skills of human that helps in the formation of human capital, later it helps in further development of Natural resources.

Question: " Green revolution became a boon as well as ban to the country".Justify the statement by giving examples.

Answer: Yes, Green revolution became a boon for us. It solved the problem of food shortage in India. It gave more yield from a small piece of land and helped the farmers to gain more income than earlier. Well irrigation facilities helped many people to grow crops throughout the year rather than depending on monsoon. But at the same time it became ban.

As the HYV seeds demand modern equipments small farmers cant afford it. The excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides pollute the soil by killing the bacteria and also pollute the ground water. Due to intense farming the soil will lost its fertility which further demands more chemical fertilizers. As we seen in the case of Punjab and Haryana.

Question: When the land gets distributed among the people it leads to decrease in the production of crops? Give examples with reference to The story of village Palampur.

Answer: Yes, when the land gets distributed among the people it leads to decrease in the production of crops. As we had seen in the case of Gobind. He had 2.25 hectares of land, which he uses to cultivate with the help of his three sons. But after Govinda's death the land has been distributed among the sons of Govinda each one having 0.75 hectares in size.

With improved irrigation facilities they cant able to make a living from it instead they have to search for other additional works to meet their needs.

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The Story of Village Palampur - Class IX