Primary Activities
MOST IMPORTANT
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER(
FOR 3/5 MARKS
Q.1. Explain any five characteristics of extensive commercial grain cultivation practiced in the world.
Ans. The main characteristics of extensive commercial grain cultivation are as follows: ∙
· It is more organized
· Capital intensive
· Practised in permanent ranches
· Larger areas and divided in to parcels
· Animals are sheep, cattle, goats and horses and products are meat, wool, hides and skin
· Practiced in New Zealand, Australia Argentina Uruguay and USA.
Q.2. Explain any three features of underground mining methods in different countries of the world.
Ans: The three features of underground mining methods in different countries of the world.
· Vertical shafts to be sunk
· Minerals are extracted and sent to surface
· It requires specialized drills, lifts, haulage vehicles, ventilation systems
· This method is risky poisonous gases, fires, floods and caving leads to accidents. It requires large investment
Q.3. "Dairy farming is the most advanced and efficient type of rearing of milch animals in the world." Analyse the statement with examples
Ans:
· It is true that dairy farming is the most advanced and efficient type of rearing of milch animals in the world.
· This is because it is highly capital as well as labour intensive.
· FOR example, animal sheds, storage facilities for fodder, feeding and milching machines add to the cost of dairy farming.
· Special emphasis is laid on cattle breeding, healthcare and veterinary services.
· It is labour intensive also due to the caring, feeding and milching processes involved.
· The developed means of transportation, refrigeration, pasteurisation and other preservation processes are used to increase the duration of storage ofvarious dairy products.
· Thus, due to these specialised operations, dairy farming is very advanced and efficient form of rearing activity.
Q.4. "There is low yield per acre but high yield per person in the interior parts of semi-arid lands of the mid latitudes in the world." Support the statement with
Ans:
· The interior parts of semi-arid lands of the mid latitudes in the world are the areas where extensive commercial grain cultivation takes place.
· Here the size of farms is very large and population is in small number.
· Operations of cultivation right from ploughing to harvesting is mechanised.
· Yield per person is high as the number of people working in farms is less and lot of machines is used.
· The size of the farms is very large due to which per acre production or yield is low even though the total production is high.
· This type of agriculture is practised in Eurasian Steppes, Canadian and American Prairies, Pampas of Argentina, Velds of South Africa, Australian Downs and the Canterbury Plains of New Zealand.
Q.5. Describe any five characteristics of the economic activities of hunting an gathering practised in the world.
Ans: Characteristics of hunting and gathering practised in the world are as follows:
· ∙ Gathering and hunting are the well-known oldest economic activities. ∙
· Gathering is practised in region with harsh climate conditions.
· It often involves primitive societies, which extract both plants and animals for food, shelter and clothing.
· People living in very cold and extremely hot climates, survive on hunting.
· The early man used stone, tools, twigs or arrows, so animals were hunted in limited numbers.
Q.6. Explain any five features of nomadic herding in world.
Ans: Nomadic herding is also called pastoral Nomadism. Characteristics of nomadic herding is as follows:
· They move from one place to other place with their livestock in search of quality pastures and water.
· Each nomadic community occupies a well identified territory as a matter of tradition.
· Different variety of animals are reared in different regions of the world
· In Tropical Africa, cattle are most important livestock; in the hilly areas of Tibet and Andes, Yak and Llamas and in Arctic and Sub-Arctic areas, Reindeer is the most important livestock.
· Movement in search of pastures is undertaken either over vast grassland or mountainous regions. Movement from plains to mountains in summer season and vice-versa is called transhumance.
Q.7. Define the term commercial livestock rearing. Explain any four characteristics of Commercial livestock rearing is a specialised activity in which only one type of animal is reared for products such as meat, wool, hides, which are processed, packed and exported.
Ans: The five characteristics of commercial livestock rearing are as follows:
· ∙ It is more organized
· ∙ Capital intensive
· ∙ Practised in permanent ranches
· ∙ Larger areas and divided in to parcels
· ∙ Animals are moved from one parcel to another
· ∙ Number of animals are kept based on capacity of the pasture
· Animals are sheep, cattle, goats and horses and products are meat, wool, hides and skin. Practiced in New Zealand, Australia Argentina Uruguay and USA.
Q.8. Define the term 'mixed farming'. Explain any four characteristics of mixed farming practised in the world
Ans: Mixed farming refers to the primary activity in which animal husbandry is practised along with crop cultivation. Important animals are cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry animals. The characteristics of this type of activity are :
· High capital expenditure on constructing farms, buildings and buying various machineries for agriculture and animal husbandry.
· In this type of activity, chemical fertilisers and green manures are used on a large scale. Farmers require skills and expertise in this farming.
· Fodder crops are important components of mixed farming as they are used to feed animals.
· The farms in mixed farming are moderate in size.
· ∙ Inter-cropping and crop rotation are used here for growing crops such as wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize etc.
Q.9. Discuss the important characteristic features of plantation agriculture. Name a few important plantation crops from different countries
Ans: Originally introduced by the Europeans in colonies situated in the tropics. The characteristic features of this type of farming are:
· ∙ Profit oriented large-scale production system
· ∙ Large estates and plantations
· ∙ Huge capital investment
· ∙ Totally market oriented
· ∙ Scientific method of cultivation
· ∙ Cheap and large skilled labour supply
· ∙ Mono culture.
Q.10. Differentiate between intensive subsistence agriculture into two categories practised in the world.
Ans: Classification of intensive subsistence agriculture:-
| With Paddy | Without Paddy |
|---|---|
| Rice is the dominant crop. | Wheat, soybean, barley and sorghum are grown |
| Land holdings are very small due to high density of population. | Land holdings are big. |
| Work is done with manual labour | Machinery deployed for cultivation |
| Farmyard manure is used to maintain soil fertility. | Fertilizers and pesticides are use |
Q.11. Differences between
subsistence agriculture and commercial agriculture.
Ans:
| Subsistence agriculture | Commercial agriculture |
|---|---|
| The main aim is sustenance of their family. | The main aim is to sell the produce in the market |
| No Specialization of crops | Crop specialization is one of the main feature. |
| Small size of land holding | Large size of land holding |
| Manual work forced | Machines are used |
| Practiced in the developing country like India, Bangladesh | Practiced in the developed country like USA, Canada. |
Ans:
| Mixed farming | Dairy farming |
|---|---|
| Cultivation of crops and animal rearing go side by side | Milch animal are specially reared with full attention. |
| Food and fodder crops are raised Wheat, maize, oat and sugar beet are grown | Dairy farming are done in natural pasture land Mainly fodder as grown |
| Large number of labour force is needed. | Need scientific technique. |
| The main regions are N.W, Europe, North America, Part of Eurasia etc. | The main regions are USA, CIS, Denmark New Zealand and Australia |
Q.13. Differentiate between plantation agriculture and Horticulture.
Ans:
Ans:
| Plantation agriculture | Horticulture |
|---|---|
| Production of specialized commercial crops such as. Tea, Coffee etc. | Production of fruits, vegetables and flowers etc. |
| Large size of land holding | Small size of land holding |
| Farming is done mainly in sparsely populated area | Farming is done nearby urban areas. |
| Scientific methods of cultivation | Green houses and artificial heating is used in cold regions |
| Practiced in Brazil, Malaysia, Indonesia etc. | Practiced in NW Europe, NE USA & Mediterranean regions |
Q.14. Differentiate between co-operative farming and collective farming.
Ans:
Ans:
| Co-operative Farming | Collective Farming |
|---|---|
| In co-operative farming, farmers have individual ownership of the resources | Farmers pool their resources voluntarily for efficient and profitable farming. |
| Co-operative societies help farmers in buying farm inputs. | Collective farming takes place when there is social ownership of means of production. |
| In collective farming, farmers pool all their resources, though they are allowed to keep very small piece of land for their own use. | In collective farming all farm inputs are provided by the government. |
CRITICAL THINKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING QUESTIONS
1 "Dairy farming is the most advanced and efficient type of rearing of milch animals
in the world." Analyse the statement with examples
• It is true that dairy farming is the most advanced and efficient type of rearing of
milch animals in the world. This is because it is highly capital as well as labour
intensive. For example, animal sheds, storage facilities for fodder, feeding and
milching machines add to the cost of dairy farming. Special emphasis is laid on
cattle breeding, healthcare and veterinary services.
• It is labour intensive also due to the caring, feeding and milching processes
involved. The developed means of transportation, refrigeration, pasteurisation
and other preservation processes are used to increase the duration of storage
ofvarious dairy products. Thus, due to these specialised operations, dairy farming
is very advanced and efficient form of rearing activity.
2 "There is low yield per acre but high yield per person in the interior parts of semi
arid lands of the mid latitudes in the world." Support the statement with suitable
examples.
• The interior parts of semi-arid lands of the mid latitudes in the world are the areas
where extensive commercial grain cultivation takes place.
• Here the size of farms is very large and population is in small number. That is why
entire operations of cultivation right from ploughing to harvesting is mechanised.
Therefore, yield per person is high as the number of people working in farms is
less and lot of machines are used. However, the size of the farms are very large
due to which per acre production or yield is low even though the total production
is high. This type of agriculture is practised in Eurasian Steppes, Canadian and
American Prairies, Pampas of Argentina, Velds of South Africa, Australian Downs
and the Canterbury Plains of New Zealand. Wheat is the principal crop and other
crops are corn, barley, oats and rye
3 Gathering has become commercial in modern times’. Examine the statement.
• Gathering is practised in high latitude zones which include northern Canada,
northern Eurasia and southern Chile.
• Low latitude zones such as the Amazon Basin, tropical Africa, Northern fringe of
Australia and the interior parts of Southeast Asia.
• In modern times some gathering is market oriented and has become commercial.
• Gatherers collect valuable plants such as leaves, barks of trees and medicinal
plants and after simple processing sell the products in the market and tree trunk
yield rubber, balata, gums and resins.
1. Name the country where practically every farmer is a member of cooperative society. (2008)
2. Name the two activities on which the earliest human being were dependent for their sustenance. (2008)
3. Name the two area of high latitude in the world, where gathering economic activity is practiced. (2010)
4. What is nomadic herding? (2011)
5. What is truck farming? (2014)
6. Who are called red collar workers? (2015)
7. What are economic activities? (2015)
8. Agro-business farms are mechanised and large in size “Examine the statements. (2015)
9. State the two groups of which affect the profability of mining. (2017)
1. What is subsistence agriculture? Mention any four characteristics of primitive subsistence agriculture.
2. What is the meaning of market gardening and horticulture? Describe any four characteristics of this types of agriculture of the world.
3. “There is low yield per acre but high yield per person in the interior parts of semi-arid lands of the mid-latitudes in the world.” Support the statement with suitable examples.
4. What is subsistence agriculture? Mention any four characteristics of primitive subsistence agriculture.
5. What is the importance of Dairy Farming? Why is it mainly practised near urban and industrial canters of the world? Explain two reasons.
6. Where is intensive subsistence agriculture practised in the world? What are its two types? Describe any two characteristics of each types.
7. Describe any five characteristics of the economic activities of hunting and gathering practised in the world.
8. c practised in the world.
9. Explain any five characteristics of extensive commercial grain cultivation practised in the world.
10. Define the term „Mixed farming‟. Explain any four characteristics mixed farming practised in the world.
11. Define the term „Commercial livestock rearing.‟ Explain any four characteristics Commercial livestock rearing practised in the world.
12. Describe any five characteristics of Plantation agriculture in the world.
13. Name any six crops of Plantation agriculture. Describe any four characteristics of Plantation agriculture in the world. (2009,15)
14. Differentiate between co-operative farming and collective farming, stating five points of distinction.(2015)
15. Differentiate between nomadic herding and commercial livestock rearing, stating five points of distinction. (2015)
16. Classify intensive subsistence agriculture into two categories Practice in the world. How are they different from each other? (2017)
17. Review any five measure adopted to solve the problems of Indian agriculture. (2017)
18. Define the term “Nomadic herding.” Explain its four characteristics.
Or
Describe the way of life of nomadic herders in the world.
QUESTION BANK
1 MARK QUESTIONS:
1. Name the country where practically every farmer is a member of cooperative society. (2008)
2. Name the two activities on which the earliest human being were dependent for their sustenance. (2008)
3. Name the two area of high latitude in the world, where gathering economic activity is practiced. (2010)
4. What is nomadic herding? (2011)
5. What is truck farming? (2014)
6. Who are called red collar workers? (2015)
7. What are economic activities? (2015)
8. Agro-business farms are mechanised and large in size “Examine the statements. (2015)
9. State the two groups of which affect the profability of mining. (2017)
5 Marks questions:
1. What is subsistence agriculture? Mention any four characteristics of primitive subsistence agriculture.
2. What is the meaning of market gardening and horticulture? Describe any four characteristics of this types of agriculture of the world.
3. “There is low yield per acre but high yield per person in the interior parts of semi-arid lands of the mid-latitudes in the world.” Support the statement with suitable examples.
4. What is subsistence agriculture? Mention any four characteristics of primitive subsistence agriculture.
5. What is the importance of Dairy Farming? Why is it mainly practised near urban and industrial canters of the world? Explain two reasons.
6. Where is intensive subsistence agriculture practised in the world? What are its two types? Describe any two characteristics of each types.
7. Describe any five characteristics of the economic activities of hunting and gathering practised in the world.
8. c practised in the world.
9. Explain any five characteristics of extensive commercial grain cultivation practised in the world.
10. Define the term „Mixed farming‟. Explain any four characteristics mixed farming practised in the world.
11. Define the term „Commercial livestock rearing.‟ Explain any four characteristics Commercial livestock rearing practised in the world.
12. Describe any five characteristics of Plantation agriculture in the world.
13. Name any six crops of Plantation agriculture. Describe any four characteristics of Plantation agriculture in the world. (2009,15)
14. Differentiate between co-operative farming and collective farming, stating five points of distinction.(2015)
15. Differentiate between nomadic herding and commercial livestock rearing, stating five points of distinction. (2015)
16. Classify intensive subsistence agriculture into two categories Practice in the world. How are they different from each other? (2017)
17. Review any five measure adopted to solve the problems of Indian agriculture. (2017)
18. Define the term “Nomadic herding.” Explain its four characteristics.
Or
Describe the way of life of nomadic herders in the world.
