Chapter 1: Population Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition
Short Answer Type Questions: (3 Marks)
Q11. Define Population Growth. Also Mention About The Components Of The Population Growth.· Ans. Growth Of Population Refers To The Change In The Number Of People Living In A Particular Area Between Two Points Of Time.
· Population Growth Has Two Components Namely; Natural And Induced.
· Natural Growth:It Is Obtained By Assessing The Crude Birth And Death Rates,
· Induced Growth : It Is Obtained By The Volume Of Inward And Outward Movement Of People In Any Given Area.
Q12.Why Do Some States Of India Have Higher Rates Of Work Participation Than Others?
Ans. In India ,The Work Participation Rate Are Higher In The Areas Of Lower Level Of Economic Development
· Because A Large Number Of People Are Needed To Perform Agricultural Or Non - Agricultural Activities.
Q13.Which States Have Large Rural Population In India? Give Reason For Such Large Rural Population.
Ans. Bihar And Sikkim Have Large Rural Population.
Reason For Large Rural Population Is The Dependence On Agriculture.
Q14.The Distribution Of Population Is Highly Uneven In India.’ Give Three Examples. Ans:
· India Has An Uneven Distribution Of Population:Plains Have More Population Than Mountains, Deserts And Forested Lands Have Less Population.
· Urban Regions Of Delhi,Mumbai,Etc Have High Population Due To Industrialization,Urbanization,Etc.
· River Basins And Coastal Plains Have Dense Population.
Long Answer Questions: (5 Marks)
Q.1 “The Growth Rate of Population in India Over The Last One Century Has Been Caused By Annual Birth Rate And Death Rate And Rate Of Migration And Thereby Shows Different Trends”. Justify The Statement.
· ANS: There Are Four Distinct Phases Of Growth In India. They Are As Follows:
· PHASE I : The Period From 1901-1921 Is Referred To As A Period Of Stagnant Or Stationary Phase Of Growth Of India's Population,
· In This Period Growth Rate Was Very Low, Even Recording A Negative Growth Rate During 1911-1921
· Both The Birth Rate And Death Rate Were High During This Period
· Reasons Of High Birth Rate: Illiteracy Of People
· Reasons Of High Death Rate: Inefficient Distribution System Of Food And Other Basic Necessities,Lack Of Medical Facilities
· PHASE II: The Decades 1921-1951 Are Referred To As The Period Of Steady Population Growth.
· Mortality Rate Declined During This Period Due To Improvement In Health And Sanitation Facility
· Birth Rate Remained High In This Period ,So The Growth Rate Was Higher In This Period.
· PHASE III: The Decades 1951-1981 Are Referred To As The Period Of Population Explosion In India
· During This Phase, There Was A Rapid Fall In The Mortality Rate But The Fertility Rate Remained High
· Since This Was Aperiod After Independence, International Migration From Neighouring Countries Also Led To High Growth Rate.
· PHASE IV : In The Post 1981 Till Present, The Growth Rate Of Country‟s Population Though Remained High, Has Started Slowing Down Gradually.
· The Birth Rate Started Decreasing Gradually Due To Increase In The Age Of Marriage,Education Of Females,Etc.
Q.2 “The Adolescent Population, Though, Regarded As The Youthful Population Having High Potentials, But At The Same Time They Are Quite Vulnerable If Not Guided And Channelised Properly.”Explain With Examples.
· ANS: An Important Part Of Population Growth In India Is The Growth Of Its Adolescents.
· But ,If The Adolescents Are Not Guided Properly,They May Become Challenging For The Society
· Challenges For The Society As Far As These Adolescents Are Concerned Are As Follows:
· Lower Age At Marriage, Illiteracy – Particularly Female Illiteracy, School Dropouts, Low Intake Of Nutrients, High Rate Of Maternal Mortality Of Adolescent Mothers, High Rate Of Hiv And Aids Infections, Physical And Mental Disability Or Retardedness, Drug Abuse And Alcoholism, Juvenile Delinquency And Commitence Of Crimes, Etc.
· The Government Of India Has Undertaken Certain Policies To Impart Proper Education To The Adolescent Groups So That Their Talents Are Better Channelised And Properly Utilised.
· ANS: The Occupational Structure Of A Country Refers To The Division Of Its Workforce Engaged In Different Sectors.
· The Occupational Composition Of India‟s Population Show A Large Proportion Of Primary Sector Workers Compared To Secondary And Tertiary Sectors.
· About 54.6 Per Cent Of Total Working Population Are Cultivators And Agricultural Labourers, Whereas Only 3.8% Of Workers Are Engaged In Household Industries And
41.6 % Are Other Workers
· Male Workers Out-Number Female Workers In All The Three Sectors
· The Number Of Female Workers Is Relatively High In Primary Sector,
· But In The Recent Years There Has Been Some Improvement In Work Participation Of Women In Secondary And Tertiary Sectors.
· The Proportion Of Workers In Agricultural Sector In India Has Shown A Decline Over The Last Few Decades (58.2% In 2001 To 54.6% In 2011)
· This Indicates A Shift Of Dependence Of Workers From Agricultural To Non Agricultural Activities, Which Indicates A Change In Economy Of The Country.
