India - People and Economy
Chapter 11: International Trade
SHORT TYPE QUESTION:-
- 1. What is ‘Hinterland’ (Umland)?
- Ans- HINTERLAND- The area away from the coast near port ,from where products are delivered to the port for shipping .
- 2. What is the difference between Port and Harbour?
- Ans- PORT- The man-made coastal area where loading and unloading of cargo is done. HARBOUR – It is the protected place on the coast where ships can take a safe shelter.
- 3.
Why
is international trade necessary?
- Ans: The international trade is necessary due to following reasons:-
- Ø International
trade is beneficial as no country is self-sufficient. It bridges the gap between surplus regions
and deficit regions through export and imports.
- Ø Countries need to trade to obtain commodities, they cannot produce themselves or they can purchase elsewhere at a lower price.
- Ø It helps countries in maintaining the specialisation in the production of goods and services.
- 4. Explain the causes behind
increase in foreign
trade in India.
- Ans: The various reasons for increase in foreign trade in India are:-
- Ø
The
momentum picked up by the manufacturing sectors.
- Ø The liberal policies of the government.
- Ø The diversification of markets.
- 5.
What
factors are responsible for change in nature
of international trade?
- Ans: There has been an increase in the total volume of import & export, but the value of import remained higher.
- Ø The share of agriculture and allied products has declined
while that of petroleum has increased.
- Ø The increase in deficit is attributed to the price rise of crude petroleum which forms a major component of India’s import list.
- 6. Explain the hinterland of Kolkata port.
- Ans:
- Ø Hinterland
is the influence area which is closely connected to the port with roads and railways.
The products of this area are sent to the port for
export and imported material is distributed here for sale and
consumption.
- Ø Its hinterland covers U.P., Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Sikkim and the north- eastern states. Apart from this, it also extends ports facilities to our neighbouring land-locked countries such as Nepal and Bhutan.
- 7. Explain the features of Kandla Port.
- Ans.
- Ø Kandla Port situated at the head of Gulf of Kuchchh has been developed as a major port to cater to the needs of western and north western parts of the country and also to reduce the pressure at Mumbai port.
- Ø The port is specially designed to receive large quantities of petroleum and petroleum products and fertiliser.
- Ø The offshore terminal at Vadinar has been developed to reduce the pressure at Kandla port.
- Ø Demarcation of the boundary of the hinterland would be difficult as it is not fixed over space. In most of the cases, hinterland of one port may overlap with that of the other. It covers the western and north western states.
LONG QUESTION:-
- 1. Describe the changes in composition of India’s imports.
- Ans.
- Ø During 1950-60s
the major items of imports
were foodgrain because
India at that time
faced food crisis.
- Ø After 1970s import of food grains stop due to Green Revolution. and food grains were replaced by fertilisers and petroleum.
- Ø Petroleum is the largest imported commodity because it is used as
a fuel as well as industrial raw material.
- Ø The capital goods like non-electrical machinery, transport equipment, machines and tools have increased on the import list.
- Ø Special steel alloy, edible oils are also imported.
- 2. What are the advantages of sea port? Why are they termed as gateways of International trade?
- Ø Ans. India is surrounded by sea from three sides and is bestowed with a long coastline.
- Ø Water
provides a smooth surface for very cheap transport provided there is no turbulence.
- Ø Waterways are the cheapest means of transport for heavy and bulky goods and it is more favoured for international trading.
- Ø Indented coastline is suitable for ports.
- Ø Opening of Suez Canal also promotes encouraged seaports along the west coast
- 3. Describe the changes in composition of India’s exports.
- Ans: Composition of export of India:
- Ø The percentage share of the agriculture and allied products have declined. There is a decline in the exports of traditional items such as coffee, spices, tea, pulses, etc.
- Ø The share of petroleum and crude products has increased.
- Ø The share of ore & minerals and have largely remained constant over the years from 2009-10 to 2010-11 and 2015-16 to 206-17.
- Ø Manufacturing goods are the largest exporting commodities in the year 2016-17 (73.6%).
- Ø China and other East Asian countries are our major competitors. Gems and jewellery contributes a larger share of India’s foreign trade.
QUESTION BANK
- 1. State the major problem being faced by Kolkata seaport ? (CBSE 2018)
- 2. ‘Ports are the Gateway to International trade. Discuss. (CBSE 2014)
- 3. Which one of the following is India’s largest trading partner ? (CBSE 2014)
- 4. Name the oldest artificial sea port of India? (CBSE 2009)
- 5. Which one of the Indian sea ports provides facilities to the land locked neighbouring countries? Name any one such country? (CBSE 2009)
- 6. Describe in brief any three measures that have been adopted by India to increase its share in the International Trade? (CBSE 2009)
- 7. Name the first major sea port developed after Independence? (CBSE 2011,2014)
- 8. What is the meaning of the term Hinterland? (CBSE 2013)
- 9. Name the sea port which was constructed to reduce the congestion at the Kolkata port? (CBSE 2014)
- 10. Compare Mumbai and Kolkata sea port on the basis of location, Hinterland and their significance in the world trade? (Delhi 2015)
- Q1. Describe the changing pattern of the composition of Indian export/import.
- Q2. Explain the locational advantages of India in international trade.
- Q3. Differntiate between port and harbour.
- Q4. Write a short note on hinterland.
- Q5. Differentiate between natural and artificial port with example.
- Q6. Write about significance of Marmagao port.
- Q7. Write a short note on 'queen of the Arabian sea'.
